Understand Australian Business Regulation †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Understand Australian Business Regulation? Answer: Introducation The cheapest and simplest business a person can set up in Australia is a sole proprietor business which allows him to operate as a sole trader. In this type of business although a person trade on its own it can employ other employees in the business and have the power to manage and control the business by himself. For the purpose of setting up a sole proprietary business in Australia the following steps has to be complied with by a person. Firstly the business name has to be registered with the Australian Securities and Investment Commission, however in case the business is operated under the name of the owner such registration is not required. The second step which is required for registration of a sole trader business is making an application for an Australian Business Number. Thirdly, the business has to get register for Goods and Services Tax with the help of the Australian Tax Office, in case the annual turnover of the business is more than $75000. The owner also has to make per son superannuation arrangements along with applying for certain insurance like disability, death and personal illness insurance. Yes it is clearly possible for Peter to start a business in its own name as a sole proprietor. This is because the sole proprietor form of business is the easiest former business and is widely accepted in Australia. In order to incorporate Susan as a owner of the business Peter can also structure his business in form of a partnership. A partnership allows a business to be owned by two or more person and each person is liable for the act of the other. The partners operate inform of agents for the business and in Australia are regulated by the Partnership Act 1963. As Susan is making a contribution to the business she can be incorporated as a partner which would enable hard to become the corner of the business (Business.gov.au,2017). A company is one of the form of the business which a person may select in order to carry out with his activities in Australia. There are various advantages and disadvantages which a person has to except while carrying out a business in form of a company because of its features. Firstly the most important and distinctive feature of a company as compared to that of a partnership and sole proprietorship is that a company is a separate legal entity and his existence is completely independent from its owners. The law considers it as a separate legal person who has the capacity to sue another or to be sued by a person. The company operates under a common Seal which is used to validate any document in relation to it. A company can be public company or a private company. In a public company the minimum number of members required to form it are 7 whereas in a private company only 2 members are required to established the company. The operations of incorporated company is given in the hands of the directors. Directors are person who are also the shareholders of the company who have been selected by the other shareholders in order to continue the operations of the company. As the company is a separate legal person and does not come to an end after the death of its members and can only be brought to an end by a legal process known as winding up of the company. There are certain steps of registering a company the first of which involves selecting the name of the company. The name of the company should not be identical to any other company. There must be the minimum number of members required to form the company. The company must have the minimum required share capital for a company to be incorporated. An Australian Business Number has to be generated before incorporating a company. A private company can be it incorporated in Australia show filling up of form 201 provided by the Australian Investment and Securities Commission. Yes, in the given circumstances Susan also has the right to become a part owner of the company as without it the company would not be able to be incorporated as a minimum of 2 members are required to form a company. The process can happen by Allocating shares of the company to Peter and Susan according to their investments and contribution to the company (Business.gov.au, 2017). The three prominent types of business searching in Australia as a company a partnership and sole proprietorship. Is form of business organisation has its own advantages and disadvantages which has to be considered before selecting one of the organisation for starting a business. This section of the paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of a company with that of a partnership and sole trader. Advantage The liability of the members of a company or only limited to the amount of investment which have been made by them towards the company in form of shares as guarantees and they cannot be held liable in relation to the personal assets for any actions or debt which has been caused by the company, whereas in a partnership or a sole proprietorship the liabilities of the members and not Limited. This means that they can be help personally liable for any actions or loss which has been incurred by the business. A company has perpetual existence which means that it does not come to an end with the death of its members and therefore it can even continue after a person has died unlike that of a partnership for a sole trader. A company is the most suitable business structure for carrying out large scale business activities whereas partnership or a sole proprietorship cannot carry out large scale business activities because of their unlimited liability and extinction features. Disadvantages When it comes to a company the owners of the company have very limited control over its affairs and most of them are not allowed to participate in the day to day basis of the company as they are mere shareholders and the operations of the company a vested in the directors. However in case of a partnership on a sole proprietorship the partners and sole trader has Supreme control over the business and can manage and operate the business in the way they feel right. In addition a company has been imposed with a lot of legal obligations such as duties of directors, insolvent trading, rights of minority shareholders, auditing requirements whereas the degree of legal obligations imposed on a partnership or a sole trader are very less as compared to that of a company. Another major disadvantage of a company as compared to that of a sole proprietor on a partnership is that the profits which are distributed to the shareholders are taxable which are not in case of a sole proprietorship and partnership thus double taxation comes into a picture when a company is incorporated (Peirson et al., 2014n case Peter chooses to operate his business in form of an Incorporated Organisation in Australia he would be able to make any number of person join the business as members in case of a public company and in case of a private company he can make a maximum of 50 members join the company. A company has a right to issue shares. A share as a part which a person owns in a company. In case Peter wants to incorporate other friends along with Jack into the company for the purpose of raising capital he can issue them with the shares of the company. The issue of shares would make such person owners of the company to the extent of the number of shares held by them respect to the company and the total number of shares which have been distributed by the company. For the purpose of incorporating Jack and other friends into the business Peter does not have to seek any approval from the Australian Securities and Investment Commission as he is not trying to raise capital from the general public (Jeston Nelis, 2014). It would not be very difficult for Peter and Susan to protect their personal assets in relation to the business in case the business failure in cause additional liability. The major step in order to achieve such protection by Peter and Susan would be to form a company which is limited by liability. The most important feature of a company which is limited by liability is that the members of the company and not liable for any that which is incurred by the company. The liability of the members in case of a company limited by liability is only restricted to the shares with the member hold in the company. In addition the liability of such members of the company can also at most extend to the amount which is to yet to be paid in relations to the share which is held by them in the company. There is one more business structure which can be chosen by Peter and Susan in order to protect their house against the loss faced by the business. This can be done so by starting a limited liability part nership. A limited liability partnership is a form of business in which all of you partners with respect to the jurisdiction are subjected to the doctrine of limited liability. This form of business exhibits both the elements of a corporation and a partnership. In case of a limited liability partnership partners are not liable for the negligence on misconduct conducted by other partners in the course of business. This feature of the limited liability partnership is the most important feature which has said to be distinguished from a traditional partnership. In a limited liability partnership partners have limited liability in the same the shareholders have it in a corporation. However in Australia there must be one person who has to be a general partner in the business which means that his liability would be unlimited in the business (Galbraith, 2014). There are certain reporting obligations which every business has to comply with for operating in Australia. Firstly businesses lodge a of business Activity Statement for the purpose of operating in Australia to the Australian Taxation Office in order to report that taxes and make payment. Individuals of a certain category may also be required to compulsorily lodge a Business Activity Statement. The Business Activity Statement can be launched by mail, in person or electronically on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis depending upon the due instalments. The Financial Service, financial market and corporate regulator of Australia is the Australian Securities and Investment Commission. Businesses which are operating in Australia have the duty to make and submit a financial report to the ASIC at the end of every financial year. The financial reports have to be audited mandatorily. However under certain circumstances a company may be exempted from financial reporting. If a company is registered under the Australian Securities Exchange they have to make a continuous and periodic disclosure. Information in relation to these requirements are provided by the assets in the listing rules. The financial reporting in relation to the companys annual financial report has to be done in accordance with the Australian Accounting Standards as prescribed by the Australian Accounting Standard Board. The Australian Accounting Standard Board is independent agency of the Australian government. The standards operate as a legislative requirement in relation to the companies. They are applicable in both private and public sector with respect to financial reporting. In Australia the corporations are governed to the Corporation Act 2001. The Australian Securities Exchange provide certain guidelines and codes for the functioning and the operation of businesses such as the Corporate Governance Recommendations. The Australian Investment and Security Commission act as a Watchdog of corporations operating in Australia under the Australian investment and security Commission Act 2001 (Cth). In Australia partnership are governed by the federal legislation of the Partnership Act 1963 (Cth). Each state also has its own partnership legislation but the rule stated in them very similar to each other (Austrade.gov.au, 2017). References (Business.gov.au,2017). Retrieved 17 September 2017, from https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your...and.../sole-trader Austrade.gov.au (2017). Retrieved 17 September 2017, from https://www.austrade.gov.au ... Understanding Australian business regulation Business.gov.au,2017). Retrieved 17 September 2017, from https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your.../business-structure Galbraith, J. R. (2014).Designing organizations: Strategy, structure, and process at the business unit and enterprise levels. John Wiley Sons. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014).Business process management. Routledge. Peirson, G., Brown, R., Easton, S., Howard, P. (2014).Business finance. McGraw-Hill Education Australia.

About Mary Dyer, Quaker Martyr

About Mary Dyer, Quaker Martyr Mary Dyer was a  Quaker martyr in colonial Massachusetts. Her execution, and the religious freedom initiatives taken in memory of that, make her a key figure in American religious freedom history.   She was hanged on  June 1, 1660. Mary Dyer Biography Mary Dyer was born in England in about 1611, where she married William Dyer. They emigrated to the Massachusetts colony in about 1635, the year they joined a Boston church. Mary Dyer sided with Anne Hutchinson  and her mentor and brother-in-law, Rev. John Wheelwright, in the Antinomian controversy, which challenged the doctrine of salvation by works as well as challenging  the authority of the church leadership .   Mary Dyer lost her franchise in 1637 for her support of their ideas.   When Anne Hutchinson was expelled from church membership, Mary Dyer withdrew from the congregation. Mary Dyer had given birth to a stillborn child the fall before she left the church, and neighbors speculated that that the child had been deformed as divine punishment for her disobedience. In 1638, William and Mary Dyer moved to Rhode Island, and William helped found Portsmouth.   The family thrived. In 1650, Mary accompanied Roger Williams and John Clarke to England, and William joined her in 1650. She remained in England until 1657 after William returned in 1651.   In these years, she became a Quaker, influenced by George Fox. When Mary Dyer returned to the colony in 1657, she came through Boston, where the Quakers were outlawed. She was arrested and jailed, and her husbands plea led to her release. He had not yet converted, so he was not arrested.   Then she went to New Haven, where she was expelled for preaching about Quaker ideas.   In 1659, two English Quakers were jailed for their faith in Boston, and Mary Dyer went to visit them and to bear witness. She was jailed and then banished on September 12. She returned with other Quakers to defy the law, and was arrested and convicted. Two of her comrades, William Robinson, and Marmaduke Stevenson,   were hanged, but she received a last-minute reprieve when her son William petitioned for her.   Again, she was banished to Rhode Island.  She returned to Rhode Island, then traveled to Long Island. On May 21, 1660, Mary Dyer  returned to Massachusetts to again defy the anti-Quaker law and protest the theocracy that could limit Quakers from that territory. She was again convicted.   This time, her sentence was carried out the day after her conviction. She was offered her freedom if she would leave and remain out of Massachusetts, and she refused.    On June 1, 1660, Mary Dyer was hanged for refusing to comply with anti-Quaker laws in Massachusetts. Mary and William Dyer had seven children. Her death is credited with inspiring Rhode Islands Charter of 1663 granting religious freedom, which is in turn credited with inspiring part of the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution in 1791. Dyer is now honored with a statue at The State House in Boston. Bibliography The Antinomian Controversy, 1636 - 1638: A Documentary History. David D. Hall, editor.Ingle, H. Larry. First Among Friends: George Fox and the Creation of Quakerism Mary Dyer: Biography of a Rebel Quaker.Larson, Rebecca. Daughters of Light: Quaker Women Preacher and Prophesying in the Colonies and Abroad, 1700-1775Plimpton, Ruth T. Mary Dyer: Biography of a Rebel Quaker

Lightning essays

Lightning essays Lightning is beautiful, dangerous, and mysterious all at the same time. The flashes that can cause citywide power outages and raging forest fires. While the average lightning bolt is only about five kilometers long and the width of a finger, it heats the surrounding air to a temperature five times hotter than the surface of the Sun and produces enough energy to power a 100-watt light bulb for three months. In this project I plan to make lightning using only aluminum pie plate, ball-point pen, thumb tack, wool sock, and a piece of styrofoam. I first push the thumbtack up through the center of the pie plate. Then I push the end of the pen onto the tack. After that I rubbed the styrofoam quickly with the wool sock. After that I pick up the aluminum pie plate with the pen and put it down on top of the styrofoam. Last I turned out the lights and slowly brought my finger close to the pie plate. Then I heard, felt, and saw a tiny spark. By now you probably wonder what is happening. As I rub the styrofoam, it stole electrons from the wool and becomes negatively charged. Charges that are alike move apart and charges that are different attract. The electrons on the styrofoam repelled the electrons pie plate and pushed them to the top edge of the plate. The pen acts as an insulator, preventing the built-up charge from moving through me to the ground until I was ready. When I brought my finger close to the edge of the plate, the repelled electrons jump across the gap and escaped through my body, giving me a small shock. When I turned off the lights, I was able to see the discharge. The sky is filled with electric charge. In a calm sky, the plus and minus charges are evenly interspersed throughout the atmosphere. Therefore, a calm sky has a neutral charge. Inside a thunderstorm, electric charge is spread out differently. A thunderstorm consists of ice crystals and hailstones. The ice crystals have a plus charge, while the hailstones have ...

Spiritual and Cultural Considerations in Primary Care Assignment

Spiritual and Cultural Considerations in Primary Care - Assignment Example Similar with the Asian American culture, Hispanic American also believe that health can be attained by maintaining balance between the hot and cold and the wet and dry forces. Illness results when God punished Hispanic Americans for their sin, when feeling of susto (fright) occur, when someone throws a mal ojo (evil eye), and envidia (envy)(De Laune, 2006, p. 394). Hispanic Americans used Spanish or Portuguese and other dialects in communication process. They are verbally expressive and used dramatic body language to express emotions and pain. However, Hispanic Americans view direct confrontation and expression of negative feelings as disrespectful. When communicating with a Hispanic American, one can observe the comfort in close proximity, overly tactile communication such as frequent handshakes and enbrace, and the value Hispanic Americans have for the presence of others. Hispanic Americans value modesty and politeness in speaking and are presently oriented. However, time for Hispa nic American is flexible. The role of the family in the primary care might be used in dealing with Hispanic Americans as they prioritize first the need of the families before the individual needs. Nuclear family is the basic unit but highly regarded extended family. Gender roles are also evident in the Hispanic American culture and man performs the role of decision maker and breadwinner while the woman is the home maker and care taker. Review of Literature Healthcare Concerns and Beliefs Health care concerns and beliefs of many Hispanics have affected the predisposing diseases of their race and access to the use of health services. Hispanic diet, lack of health insurance, transportation, culture, and linguistic are some of the identified concerns of most researchers among Hispanics that needs to be addressed. Hispanic dietary preferences differ from other culture. Existing research suggests that Hispanic diet has greater percentage of carbohydrates, protein, and fiber, and lower percentage of total and satura ted fat (Loria, Bush, Carroll, Looker, McDowell, Johnson, &Sempos, 1995, n.p.).Thus, Hispanics are more apt to meet the cholesterol education program. However, majority of the Hispanics suffer from obesity which is one of the most important health problems they are facing today. Aside from dietary preferences, Hispanics also lack sufficient access to health services particularly because of financial, structural, and personal barriers. Lack of health insurance and low income among Hispanics constitute the financial barriers. Structural barriers include proximity and transportation to the health providers and personal barriers include cultural and linguistic factors. In addition, Hispanics are less likely to consult a primary care’s advice primarily because Hispanics believe that having a disease is a punishment from God. For example, a child suddenly has fever after the parents brought the child to the park. Following Hispanic culture, this child was thrown a mal ojo (evil eye ) by a stranger. Hispanics are known for being religious and spiritual-driven. Hispanics belief on God and evil forces are

A management report on preoperative fasting Essay

A management report on preoperative fasting - Essay Example is why it is essential to consider this process from the different viewpoints, through its limitations and weaknesses on the basis of the clinical practices and state policies. Ethical considerations are to be accounted also. In order to clarify all issues and to define the possible solutions for the existing problems in preoperative fasting, it is necessary to look through the principal notions of the preoperative fasting’ process, the guidelines of the royal college of nursing and other related researches, both supporting and denying the benefits of preoperative fasting. The need in preoperative fasting has become evident with understanding that the risk of pulmonary aspiration during the elective surgery may be significantly decreased or eliminated through the application of the preoperative fasting process. It has become a legal requirement for the clinical practices and medical specialists. On the basis of the official statistics the cases of the pulmonary aspiration are very rare (about 1 in 10,000 patients), while the statistics also shows that the majority of the cases in pulmonary aspiration take place in the emergency situation (traumas, for example) when the gastric emptying is delayed (Scarlett et al, 2002); the same statistics relates to the cases of emergency abdominal surgery, etc. This statistics may become supporting evidence that preoperative fasting is an essential process in making the statistical morbidity in elective surgery minimal. The purpose of the existing fasting guidelines is to minimize the gastric contents before electiv e surgery; however the question here arises: how to avoid the unnecessary thirst and dehydration. This is the principal issue in the present research of preoperative fasting, and this issue needs to be addressed on the state level through the development of the new policies in fasting. being expressed in plain words as ‘nothing by mouth after midnight’. However, the question here is – how it is possible to

Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid

Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Aim: To investigate how the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid is affected by changing the concentration. Background: THE REACTION: when Sodium Thiosulphate reacts with hydrochloric acid sulphur is produced. The sulphur forms in very small particles and causes the solution to cloud over and turn a yellow colour. This causes the cross to fade and eventually disappear. Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric acid  »Ã‚ » Sulphur + Sodium Chloride + Sulphur Dioxide + Water NA2S2O3 + 2HCL  »Ã‚ » S + 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O (aq) + (aq)  »Ã‚ » (s) + (aq) + (g) + (l) PREDICTION: As the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate increases the length of time for cross to disappear decreases (inverse). This is because the increase of concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate will increase the rate of reaction between Hydrochloric acid and sodium Thiosulphate particles. SCIENTIFIC REASONS FOR PREDICTION: the results from preliminary experiments support the prediction made. From the results you can see that there is a directly proportional relationship between the concentration and the rate of reaction. If you increase the concentration then the rate of reaction will also increase. METHOD: 1. Set up apparatus as in preliminary experiment. 2. Record the temperature of the room. 3. Add the first of the concentrations of sodium Thiosulphate to the flask. As you add 10cm3 of HCL and start the stopwatch 4. Watch the solution as it clouds over. Once the cross has disappeared stop the clock. 5. Record the time in a results table 6. Repeat the above steps for the other concentration of sodium Thiosulphate. Repeat the experiment 3 times for each of the concentrations. 7. Record all results in a table and work out the rate by dividing 1 by the average time for each. This extract was taken from the link below: This experiment is testing how the rate of reaction is affected when concentration is changed. The theory is said that increasing the concentration can increase the rate of reaction by increasing the rate of molecular collisions. The phenomenon behind all of this is the collision theory and how it plays a big role in this investigation. The higher the concentration the less time/faster it will take for the system to turn into equilibrium, and if concentration id decreased, time taken for the solution to go cloudy increases. Hypothesis: The higher the concentration the faster the rate of reaction will be and the time taken to reach equilibrium will decrease. A more diluted concentration will have a longer rate of reaction and a longer time to reach equilibrium. Apparatus: Method: Gathered all the apparatus needed for the experiment. Using a weight balance we measure out 8g of Sodium thiosulphate, that we added too 200cm ³ of water. We mixed the solution until all the crystals were dissolved. Then you pour 50 cm ³, 40 cm ³, 30 cm ³, 20 cm ³, and 10 cm ³ of the solution into five identical conical flasks. Then you add water to the other conical flasks so that the total volume in each flask in 50 cm ³. Make sure to label the flasks so you know which one has so much concentration. Once thats done, you must now take a beaker and add 35 cm ³ of concentrated Hydrochloric acid to 65 cm ³ of water to make a diluted solution. Now take a piece of paper and draw a black cross on it, and then place one of the flasks on the paper (do one flask at a time). Using a measuring cylinder measure out 5 cm ³ of the hydrochloric solution, and add this to the flask. Immediately stir the flask and start the stop watch. One person should do this part. As soon as you cant see the cross any more stop the stopwatch, and record the results in a table. Repeat this with all the flasks. Results: Concentration (cm ³) Time (s) Rate of reaction (s) 50 24.9 0.04 40 + water 32 0.0313 30 + water 42.2 0.0237 20 + water 74.07 0.0135 10 + water 202.8 0.0049 The rate of reaction is measured by dividing 1 by the time taken for the reaction to take place. Number of moles of sulphur used: n= m/M n= 8/32 = 0.25 mols Discussion: You can see from the graph that as concentration increases, the time taken for the solution to go cloudy decreases. So the stronger the concentration the faster the rate of reaction is. As the concentration of sodium Thiosulphate decrease the time taken for the cross to disappear increases, this is an inverse relationship.When equilibrium was reached the solutions turned a yellow color, the stronger the concentration was the higher the turbidity was. When equilibrium was reached SO2 gas and water were released. The more concentrated solution has more molecules, which more collision will occur. So therefore the rate of reaction should depend on how frequently the molecules collide, so more molecules have greater collisions and the reaction happens faster as more products are made in a shorter time. All related to the collision theory. What we saw what happened was exactly what we expected from the experiment. Our predictions were accurate. Evaluation: The method we used was fairly accurate, our results werent perfect but they were good enough for us to see what happens during the experiment. So overall the results proved the hypothesis and I was able to draw graphs with a line of best fit. In our experiment we keep the HCL a constant, and also keeping the volume of the solution was important to get more accurate results. The results were fairly reliable under our conditions. They could be a bit off from bad measuring, unclean equipment and the timing. Conclusion: When the concentration of Sodium thiosulphate was increased the rate of reaction increased and the time taken to reach equilibrium decreased, so therefore the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration. Bibliography: azete.com/view/48253 6 September 2009 woodrow.org/teachers/ci/1986/exp19.html 9 September 2009

Future India

Below is a free essay on â€Å"India's Future† from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. About twenty-five years ago, our then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi had started to remind us that India is too early to reach Ikkisvi. We have twenty-first century. Where is the twenty-first century India, how, how is going to be, where to reach – it is a vivid theme. It will consider some aspects of it. Certainly in the new century is a lot of things were looking very bright.Than in the past twenty years or fifty years ahead of India is visible. Such revolutions are many. The computer revolution is under way. Mobile revolution is – now the poor man's pocket to get a cell phone. A? tomobail revolution is under way. There was a time when the scooter had to find the number, he'd get to Blake. There were only two models of cars – Ambassador and Fiat. Now go to the showroom, favorite Mothers  of Dal Motrsaikl or bring the car up. Ever-  Mothersare coming to market is dull. See the cars on the street cars.Forlen roads – is being Sikslen. Highway, Expressway talks to the smooth air vehicles on the roads. â€Å"Forlen the word the child – Bchchee is up to the tongue. There is a similar revolution in education. First Engineering, Medical, B. Ed. College used to be counted. Today – a city of ten – ten college and those seats are empty. Initiatives were selected convent school, now England Medium School Street – the street, the neighborhood is exposed. Our national income, six, seven, eight per cent growth rate is increasing.In 2007-08 came the blow of the recession in the world, he could not impress us much. In the meantime we have to make atomic bombs. We are dreaming of becoming a world superpower. United Nations Security Council non-permanent members have become, to become a permanent member of the hand – are scrambling. Obamaji to be grateful for, the dream tha t we are expected to be completed. Ckacand darkness behind But the glitter seems a hollow. Ckacand behind the middle of a dark – comes across the remains. As such, a few days before the Global Hunger Index (Global†¦